Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is an example of species diversity?

Different varieties of rice
Different species of amphibians in the Western Ghats
Variation in climate across a biome
Differences in cell structure among plants
2

Species diversity refers to the variety of species present in a region. The Western Ghats are known for their rich amphibian diversity and high endemism.

According to Robert May's estimate, the global species diversity is about:

2 million
5 million
7 million
10 million
3

Robert May estimated that Earth has about 7 million species, although only about 1.5–1.8 million species have been identified and described.

Which of the following best describes biodiversity hotspots?

Regions with exceptionally high species richness and high endemism
Areas with the lowest biodiversity on Earth
Regions established exclusively for the conservation of large mammals
Artificially created conservation areas
1

Biodiversity hotspots are regions rich in endemic species that are under constant threat from habitat loss and therefore require priority conservation.

Which of the following taxonomic groups has the largest number of described species?

Mammals
Fungi
Insects
Reptiles
3

Insects account for more than 70% of all described animal species and constitute the largest group of known animals.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the high biodiversity of tropical regions?

Long evolutionary time
Relatively stable climate
Frequent glaciations
High solar energy availability
3

Tropical regions have experienced little glaciation, allowing uninterrupted evolution over long periods. Stable climate and abundant solar energy favour high biodiversity.

According to NCERT, India is recognized as one of the world's megadiversity countries because it:

Harbours a high diversity of plants and animals with many endemic species
Has the largest land area in Asia
Contains only tropical ecosystems
Has the highest human population in the world
1

India is one of the 12 megadiverse countries because it possesses rich biodiversity and a large number of endemic species.

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss according to NCERT?

Habitat loss and fragmentation
Overexploitation
Pollination
Alien species invasions
3

Pollination is a beneficial ecosystem service. The major causes of biodiversity loss are habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, alien species invasions, and co-extinctions.

Which of the following statements about biodiversity patterns is correct?

Species richness generally increases from the poles towards the equator.
Species richness is highest in polar regions.
Species richness is the same across all latitudes.
Species richness decreases from temperate regions towards the tropics.
1

Species richness increases from higher latitudes towards the equator. This pattern is known as the latitudinal diversity gradient.

How many biodiversity hotspots include regions of India?

2
3
4
5
3

India shares four biodiversity hotspots: Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats–Sri Lanka, and Sundaland (Nicobar Islands).

According to NCERT, which of the following best explains why tropical regions have greater species richness than temperate regions?

They have experienced longer evolutionary time, a more stable climate, and greater solar energy.
They receive less sunlight and lower rainfall.
They experience more frequent glaciations.
They support fewer ecological interactions.
1

NCERT attributes the high biodiversity of tropical regions to their long evolutionary history, relatively stable climate, and greater availability of solar energy.

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