Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Test 2

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following serves as a selectable marker in genetic engineering?

Antibiotic resistance genes
Promoters
Silencers
Enhancers
1

Selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, help distinguish transformed cells from non-transformed cells.

Which of the following is NOT a step in recombinant DNA technology?

Isolation of DNA
Ligation of DNA into a vector
Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE
Transformation of host cells
3

SDS-PAGE is used for protein separation, while recombinant DNA technology involves steps such as DNA isolation, ligation, and transformation.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in PCR?

To separate DNA strands
To cut DNA at specific sites
To synthesize new DNA strands
To ligate DNA fragments
3

DNA polymerase extends primers to synthesize new DNA strands during PCR.

Which of the following is a commonly used bioreactor in large-scale biotechnology processes?

Test tube
Petri dish
Stirred-tank reactor
Centrifuge
3

Stirred-tank reactors are widely used in biotechnology for large-scale production of bioproducts under controlled conditions.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in recombinant DNA technology?

To cut DNA at specific sites
To synthesize new DNA strands
To join DNA fragments
To unwind DNA strands
2

DNA polymerase is used to synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain, making it essential for DNA replication and PCR.

Which of the following best describes transformation in bacteria?

Bacteria acquire genetic material from the environment
Bacteria transfer DNA through direct contact
Bacteria inject DNA into host cells
Bacteria use viruses for gene transfer
1

Transformation is the process where bacteria take up foreign DNA from their surroundings and integrate it into their genome.

Which of the following statements about transformation is incorrect?

Transformation is the process of introducing foreign DNA into bacterial cells.
Transformation occurs naturally in some bacteria.
Transformation always requires the presence of a virus.
Calcium chloride treatment is used to make bacterial cells competent for transformation.
3

Transformation does not require a virus. It can be induced artificially using calcium chloride treatment or electroporation.

Which of the following statements about vectors is correct?

Vectors are used to carry foreign DNA into host cells.
Vectors do not contain an origin of replication.
Vectors prevent gene expression in host cells.
Vectors cannot replicate inside host cells.
1

Vectors are DNA molecules that carry foreign genes into host cells for replication and expression.

Which of the following statements about cloning vectors is incorrect?

Cloning vectors contain an origin of replication.
Cloning vectors lack selectable markers.
Cloning vectors are used to carry foreign DNA.
Cloning vectors can replicate independently inside host cells.
2

Cloning vectors contain selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, to help identify recombinant cells.

Which of the following statements about restriction endonucleases is correct?

They cut DNA at specific recognition sequences.
They randomly degrade DNA.
They are only found in eukaryotic cells.
They prevent DNA replication in bacteria.
1

Restriction endonucleases recognize specific palindromic sequences in DNA and cut at those sites.

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