Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following best defines biotechnology?

Use of living organisms or their enzymes for human benefit
Use of microbes for fermentation only
Artificial selection of desirable traits in plants
Production of synthetic chemicals for human use
1

Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms, enzymes, or genetic engineering techniques to create useful products for humans.

Which of the following enzymes is used to remove RNA during DNA isolation?

DNA polymerase
Ribonuclease
Ligase
Helicase
2

Ribonuclease (RNase) degrades RNA, allowing pure DNA to be extracted during DNA isolation.

Which of the following is the first restriction enzyme discovered?

EcoRI
Hind II
BamHI
Taq polymerase
2

Hind II was the first restriction enzyme discovered, which specifically cuts DNA at a particular recognition sequence.

Which of the following is an example of a disarmed pathogen used as a vector for gene transfer?

Escherichia coli
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Bacillus thuringiensis
Pseudomonas putida
2

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a disarmed pathogen used as a vector to transfer genes into plants through its Ti plasmid.

Which of the following conditions is essential for the proper function of restriction enzymes?

High temperature
Low pH
Specific buffer conditions
Presence of DNA ligase
3

Restriction enzymes require specific buffer conditions, including optimal pH and ionic strength, to function properly.

Which of the following is used to check the insertion of foreign DNA into a vector?

PCR
Electroporation
Selection using antibiotic resistance
Hybridization
3

Selectable markers, such as antibiotic resistance genes, allow for the identification of recombinant bacterial cells.

Which of the following statements about restriction endonucleases is correct?

They cut DNA at specific recognition sites.
They always cut DNA at random locations.
They are used to synthesize new DNA strands.
They ligate DNA fragments together.
1

Restriction endonucleases recognize specific sequences in DNA and cut precisely at those sites.

Which of the following statements about transformation is incorrect?

Transformation is the uptake of foreign DNA by bacterial cells.
Transformation can be induced using calcium chloride treatment.
Transformation requires a virus for gene transfer.
Some bacteria are naturally competent for transformation.
3

Transformation does not require a virus; it can occur naturally or be induced using chemical or physical treatments.

Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is correct?

Recombinant DNA technology allows the insertion of foreign genes into host cells.
Recombinant DNA cannot be replicated inside a host organism.
Recombinant DNA technology does not require restriction enzymes.
Recombinant DNA is always destroyed by host cells.
1

Recombinant DNA technology enables the insertion and replication of foreign genes within a host cell.

Which of the following statements about gel electrophoresis is incorrect?

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size.
Smaller DNA fragments move slower than larger ones.
Gel electrophoresis requires an electric field.
Agarose gel is commonly used for DNA electrophoresis.
2

Smaller DNA fragments migrate faster through the gel than larger fragments due to lower resistance.

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