Body Fluids and Circulation
Test 2

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium?

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Semilunar valve
Mitral valve
4

The mitral valve (bicuspid valve) prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Which ion plays a key role in muscle contraction, including that of the heart?

Sodium (Na⁺)
Potassium (K⁺)
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
3

Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) are essential for muscle contraction, including cardiac muscle function.

Which of the following statements about blood composition is incorrect?

Blood consists of plasma and formed elements.
Leukocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen.
Platelets play a role in blood clotting.
Plasma contains water, proteins, and electrolytes.
2

Leukocytes (WBCs) are involved in **immune defense**, while oxygen transport is carried out by **erythrocytes (RBCs)**.

Which of the following is incorrect about the functions of the lymphatic system?

It helps in the absorption of fats from the intestine.
It plays a role in the body's immune defense.
It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.
It drains excess interstitial fluid from tissues.
3

The **lymphatic system does not transport oxygen or carbon dioxide**; it mainly helps with **immune responses and fat absorption**.

Which of the following statements about blood plasma is incorrect?

Plasma makes up about 55% of total blood volume.
Plasma contains water, proteins, and dissolved substances.
Plasma plays no role in immune response.
Plasma helps in the transport of nutrients and hormones.
3

Plasma contains **globulins**, which are proteins involved in **immune response**.

Which condition is caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup?

Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Varicose veins
Leukemia
2

Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of cholesterol plaques in coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

Which type of circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs?

Systemic circulation
Coronary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Hepatic portal circulation
3

Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?

P wave
QRS complex
T wave
ST segment
1

The P wave in an ECG represents the depolarization of the atria, leading to atrial contraction.

Which of the following is responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure?

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Hemoglobin
2

Albumin helps maintain blood osmotic pressure and prevents excessive loss of fluid from blood vessels.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding blood groups?

Blood group O is the universal donor.
Blood group AB is the universal recipient.
Blood grouping is based on the presence of antigens A and B.
Rh-negative individuals can receive Rh-positive blood without any reaction.
4

Rh-negative individuals **develop antibodies** against Rh-positive blood, causing incompatibility.

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