Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Test 4

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, reducing surface area for gas exchange?

Asthma
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
2

Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged, reducing the respiratory surface area, often due to smoking.

What is the normal partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in oxygenated blood?

159 mmHg
104 mmHg
95 mmHg
40 mmHg
3

The normal partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in oxygenated blood is approximately 95 mmHg.

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiglottis?

Facilitates gas exchange
Produces sound
Prevents food from entering the trachea
Regulates breathing rate
3

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the glottis during swallowing, preventing food from entering the trachea.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of respiration?

Pulmonary ventilation
Diffusion of gases
Gas transport
Protein synthesis
4

Protein synthesis is not a part of respiration. The major steps of respiration include pulmonary ventilation, gas diffusion, and transport.

Which of the following statements about respiratory volumes is incorrect?

Tidal Volume is the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.
Vital Capacity includes Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Functional Residual Capacity includes Residual Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
Inspiratory Capacity is equal to Total Lung Capacity.
4

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) includes Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume, not Total Lung Capacity.

Which of the following statements about oxygen transport is correct?

Most oxygen is carried as bicarbonate ions.
Oxygen is primarily transported bound to hemoglobin.
All oxygen in the blood is dissolved in plasma.
Oxygen transport is not influenced by partial pressure gradients.
2

Oxygen is mainly transported by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Which of the following statements about CO₂ transport is incorrect?

CO₂ is primarily transported as bicarbonate ions.
A portion of CO₂ binds to hemoglobin to form carbamino-hemoglobin.
CO₂ is mainly transported as dissolved gas in plasma.
Carbonic anhydrase facilitates CO₂ conversion into bicarbonate ions.
3

CO₂ is mainly transported as bicarbonate ions, not as dissolved gas in plasma.

Which of the following statements regarding respiratory control is correct?

The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory rhythm center.
The pneumotaxic center inhibits inspiration by prolonging inhalation.
Chemoreceptors detect only oxygen levels in the blood.
Respiratory rate remains constant regardless of CO₂ concentration.
1

The respiratory rhythm center, located in the medulla oblongata, regulates breathing patterns.

Which part of the respiratory system is commonly known as the "voice box"?

Larynx
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
1

The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords that produce sound during speech.

Which lung volume represents the maximum amount of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration?

Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Vital Capacity
Total Lung Capacity
3

Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration (TV + IRV + ERV).

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