Breathing and Exchange of Gases Chapter-Wise Test 7

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures in the human respiratory passage?

Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli
Pharynx → Nostrils → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli
Nostrils → Larynx → Pharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli
Trachea → Nostrils → Larynx → Pharynx → Bronchi → Alveoli
1

The correct sequence of respiratory structures is Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli.

Which of the following factors favors the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs?

High pCO₂
High H⁺ concentration
Low temperature
Both 2 and 3
3

Low temperature and high oxygen partial pressure favor the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs.

Which of the following statements about carbon dioxide transport is correct?

CO₂ is mainly transported as bicarbonate ions.
CO₂ is transported only as dissolved gas in plasma.
CO₂ has no effect on blood pH.
All CO₂ is expelled from the body in a single breath.
1

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻), facilitating CO₂ removal from tissues.

What causes the movement of oxygen from alveoli into the blood?

Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion due to partial pressure gradient
Facilitated diffusion
3

Oxygen moves from alveoli into the blood through diffusion, driven by the partial pressure gradient.

Which respiratory structure is known as the "windpipe"?

Bronchi
Trachea
Larynx
Pharynx
2

The trachea, commonly called the windpipe, is a straight tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi, allowing the passage of air to the lungs.

Which of the following statements regarding carbon dioxide transport is incorrect?

CO₂ is primarily transported as bicarbonate ions.
Some CO₂ binds to hemoglobin to form carbamino-hemoglobin.
CO₂ transport does not affect blood pH.
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ into bicarbonate.
3

CO₂ transport **does** affect blood pH, as increased CO₂ leads to carbonic acid formation, lowering pH.

Which respiratory disorder is caused by exposure to dust particles in industries such as stone grinding?

Asthma
Silicosis
Emphysema
Bronchitis
2

Silicosis is an occupational respiratory disorder caused by long-term exposure to fine dust particles, leading to lung fibrosis.

Where are chemoreceptors that regulate respiration located?

Alveoli and diaphragm
Aortic arch and carotid artery
Lungs and trachea
Bronchi and bronchioles
2

Chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid artery detect changes in CO₂ and H⁺ concentration and send signals to the respiratory center for regulation.

What is the primary driving force for oxygen diffusion in the lungs?

Temperature gradient
Partial pressure gradient
pH gradient
Hemoglobin concentration
2

The primary driving force for oxygen diffusion in the lungs is the partial pressure gradient between alveolar air and blood.

Which lung capacity includes Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume?

Vital Capacity
Expiratory Capacity
Inspiratory Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity
3

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) includes Tidal Volume (TV) and Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), representing the maximum volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration.

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