Ecosystem
Test 2

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following correctly defines "standing crop" in an ecosystem?

Total biomass of living organisms at a given time
Rate of energy flow between trophic levels
Total amount of decomposed matter
Number of trophic levels in a food chain
1

Standing crop refers to the total biomass of living organisms present in a trophic level at a given time.

Which process leads to the formation of humus?

Leaching
Fragmentation
Humification
Mineralization
3

Humification is the process by which partially decomposed organic matter accumulates as humus in the soil.

Which factor determines the stratification of an ecosystem?

Availability of light
Species composition
Vertical distribution of organisms
Energy flow rate
3

Stratification refers to the vertical distribution of different species in an ecosystem, such as trees forming the upper layer and shrubs forming the middle layer.

Which ecological concept explains the loss of energy at each trophic level?

Law of conservation of mass
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Gaia hypothesis
3

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy is lost as heat at each trophic level, making energy transfer inefficient.

Which of the following is the most important source of energy in an ecosystem?

Chemical energy
Solar energy
Geothermal energy
Energy from decomposers
2

Solar energy is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems, as it drives photosynthesis and energy flow.

Which of the following is an example of an inverted pyramid of number?

Grassland ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystem
Forest ecosystem
Desert ecosystem
3

In a forest ecosystem, a few large trees support many herbivores and parasites, leading to an inverted pyramid of number.

Which of the following statements about the flow of energy in an ecosystem is correct?

Energy flows in a cyclic manner
Energy is fully transferred between trophic levels
Energy is lost as heat at each trophic level
Producers receive energy from herbivores
3

Energy is lost as heat at each trophic level, making energy transfer inefficient.

Which of the following statements about ecological pyramids is incorrect?

Pyramids of energy are always upright
Pyramids of biomass are always upright
Pyramids of numbers can be inverted
Pyramids represent trophic structure in ecosystems
2

Pyramids of biomass are not always upright; in aquatic ecosystems, they can be inverted due to the rapid turnover of phytoplankton.

Which of the following statements about the role of producers in an ecosystem is correct?

Producers capture energy from sunlight and convert it into organic matter
Producers rely on consuming other organisms for energy
Producers do not contribute to the energy flow in an ecosystem
Producers occupy the highest trophic level in an ecosystem
1

Producers, such as plants and phytoplankton, capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Which organisms play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter?

Producers
Herbivores
Decomposers
Carnivores
3

Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, break down organic matter into simpler substances, facilitating nutrient cycling.

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