Evolution
Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is incorrect?

Industrial melanism is an example of anthropogenic evolution.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is maintained when there is random mating and no evolutionary forces.
Homo erectus was the first hominid to use tools.
Genetic drift can lead to significant evolutionary changes in small populations.
3

Homo habilis, not Homo erectus, was the first hominid known to use tools, earning the name ‘handy man.’

Which of the following statements is correct?

The first living organisms were aerobic and photosynthetic.
Lamarck’s theory is based on the inheritance of acquired traits.
Genetic drift is more significant in large populations.
Analogous organs have similar structures due to common ancestry.
2

Lamarck’s theory proposed that acquired traits during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to offspring.

Which of the following is incorrect?

Mutation can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
Analogous organs have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
Homo erectus used tools but not fire.
Fossil records provide evidence of evolutionary changes over time.
3

Homo erectus used both tools and fire during its existence.

Which theory suggests that life originated from spores from outer space?

Abiogenesis
Panspermia
Endosymbiotic Theory
Chemical Evolution
2

Panspermia proposes that life existed in the form of spores in space and was transferred to Earth.

Which factor is NOT a condition for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

No mutation
Random mating
Small population size
No gene flow
3

A small population size disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to genetic drift, which is significant in small populations.

Which theory of evolution proposes that evolution occurs through sudden and significant changes?

Gradualism
Panspermia
Saltation
Natural Selection
3

Saltation, proposed by Hugo de Vries, suggests that evolution occurs through sudden and significant genetic changes.

Which of the following is NOT an example of homologous organs?

Forelimbs of whales and bats
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
Wings of birds and insects
Hearts of vertebrates
3

Wings of birds and insects are analogous, not homologous, as they have different structures but similar functions.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Homo habilis had a larger brain capacity than Neanderthals.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium remains unaffected by gene flow.
Fossil records serve as direct evidence of evolutionary history.
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the inheritance of acquired traits.
3

Fossil records provide direct evidence of evolutionary changes and the existence of extinct species.

Which atmospheric gas escaped into space during the formation of the early Earth?

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
2

Hydrogen, being a lighter gas, escaped into space during the early stages of Earth's formation.

What did Darwin consider as the measure of fitness in natural selection?

Physical strength
Reproductive success
Longevity
Ability to adapt quickly
2

Darwin considered reproductive success as the measure of fitness, where individuals producing more offspring are considered more fit.

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