Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 10

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following statements about counter-current mechanisms is correct?

Counter-current exchange occurs between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
The counter-current mechanism helps concentrate urine.
The collecting duct is the primary site of counter-current exchange.
The counter-current system prevents water reabsorption.
2

The counter-current mechanism in the Loop of Henle and vasa recta creates an osmotic gradient, aiding urine concentration.

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the final concentration of urine?

Bowman’s capsule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
4

The collecting duct plays a major role in the final concentration of urine by reabsorbing water under the influence of ADH.

Which of the following statements is correct about nitrogenous waste excretion?

Ammonia is excreted primarily by terrestrial mammals.
Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.
Urea requires the most water for excretion.
Uric acid is highly toxic and soluble in water.
2

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted in a semi-solid form, requiring minimal water.

Which part of the nephron secretes hydrogen ions to regulate blood pH?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
2

The distal convoluted tubule plays an essential role in pH regulation by secreting hydrogen ions.

Which of the following is the least toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted with minimal water loss.

What is the primary role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

Filtration of blood
Active secretion of ions
Formation of an osmotic gradient
Excretion of creatinine
3

The Loop of Henle plays a major role in forming an osmotic gradient, which is crucial for urine concentration.

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of Henle's loop
Ascending limb of Henle's loop
Collecting duct
3

The ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water but actively transports ions to maintain the osmolarity gradient.

Which of the following conditions is caused by the formation of crystallized salts in the kidney?

Uremia
Glomerulonephritis
Renal calculi
Diabetes insipidus
3

Renal calculi (kidney stones) are formed due to the crystallization of salts like oxalates and phosphates in the kidneys.

Which blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus?

Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Renal vein
Peritubular capillaries
2

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration.

The pH of normal human urine is:

8.0
7.4
6.0
4.5
3

The pH of normal human urine is slightly acidic, around 6.0.

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