Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 12

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which structure in the nephron helps regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA)
Collecting duct
3

The juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) regulates GFR by releasing renin, which controls blood pressure.

Which nitrogenous waste is least toxic and requires the least amount of water for excretion?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted as a paste with minimal water loss in birds and reptiles.

Which part of the nephron receives blood from the afferent arteriole?

Loop of Henle
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
3

The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries that receives blood from the afferent arteriole for filtration.

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the maximum reabsorption of essential nutrients and water?

Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle
2

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs nearly all essential nutrients, 70-80% of electrolytes, and water.

Which of the following conditions results from the crystallization of salts in the kidney?

Uremia
Diabetes insipidus
Renal calculi
Glomerulonephritis
3

Renal calculi (kidney stones) are formed due to the crystallization of salts like calcium oxalate in the kidney.

Which of the following statements about the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is correct?

The DCT is involved in sodium and potassium regulation.
The DCT is responsible for the initial filtration of blood.
The DCT does not participate in acid-base balance.
The DCT reabsorbs all glucose from the filtrate.
1

The DCT regulates sodium and potassium levels under the influence of aldosterone.

Which of the following statements is true about uremia?

It is caused by excessive glucose in the blood
It is due to kidney failure leading to accumulation of urea in blood
It is a disorder related to excess uric acid crystals
It is caused by inflammation of the glomerulus
2

Uremia is a condition caused by kidney failure, leading to the accumulation of urea in the blood.

What is the primary role of Malpighian tubules?

Excretion in insects
Blood circulation in annelids
Oxygen transport in mammals
Enzyme secretion in digestion
1

Malpighian tubules function as the excretory system in insects, helping in nitrogenous waste elimination.

Which of the following excretory products is eliminated through sweat glands?

Bile pigments
Urea
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
2

Small amounts of urea are excreted through sweat glands in the skin.

Which of the following conditions results from the inability of the kidney to filter blood properly?

Diabetes insipidus
Uremia
Jaundice
Gout
2

Uremia occurs when the kidneys fail to filter blood properly, leading to the accumulation of urea in the blood.

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