Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 14

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which part of the nephron plays a key role in maintaining acid-base balance?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Glomerulus
3

The distal convoluted tubule helps in maintaining the acid-base balance by selectively secreting hydrogen ions.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Regulation of blood pressure
Excretion of nitrogenous waste
Secretion of insulin
Regulation of pH balance
3

The kidney does not secrete insulin; insulin is secreted by the pancreas.

Which of the following is the primary excretory product of birds?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Birds are uricotelic, excreting uric acid to conserve water.

What is the approximate volume of blood filtered by the kidneys per minute?

500-600 mL
700-900 mL
1100-1200 mL
1500-1800 mL
3

The kidneys filter approximately 1100-1200 mL of blood per minute.

Which of the following statements about the nephron is correct?

The afferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.
The Loop of Henle plays a crucial role in urine concentration.
Glomerular filtration occurs in the distal convoluted tubule.
The collecting duct is responsible for initial filtration.
2

The Loop of Henle creates an osmotic gradient that helps in urine concentration.

The afferent arteriole in the nephron carries blood:

Away from the glomerulus
To the glomerulus
To the renal pelvis
To the urinary bladder
2

The afferent arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus for filtration.

Which component is normally absent in the glomerular filtrate?

Glucose
Amino acids
Proteins
Sodium ions
3

Proteins are too large to pass through the filtration barrier and are normally absent in the glomerular filtrate.

Which of the following statements about the nephron is correct?

The proximal convoluted tubule is primarily responsible for water reabsorption.
The distal convoluted tubule is the main site of glucose reabsorption.
The Loop of Henle plays a role in establishing an osmotic gradient.
The collecting duct is responsible for glomerular filtration.
3

The Loop of Henle creates an osmotic gradient essential for water reabsorption and urine concentration.

What is the role of the counter-current multiplier system in the kidney?

Regulation of blood pressure
Maintenance of pH balance
Concentration of urine
Secretion of nitrogenous wastes
3

The counter-current multiplier system, involving the Loop of Henle and vasa recta, helps concentrate urine by maintaining an osmotic gradient.

Which component of the nephron allows selective secretion of hydrogen ions to maintain pH balance?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
2

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) helps regulate blood pH by selectively secreting hydrogen ions.

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