Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 16

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which part of the nephron helps in maintaining the osmolar gradient?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
2

The Loop of Henle plays a key role in maintaining an osmolar gradient, which helps in the concentration of urine.

Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is correct?

JGA regulates blood pressure by secreting renin.
JGA is located inside the collecting duct.
JGA is responsible for producing red blood cells.
JGA decreases renin secretion when blood pressure is low.
1

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood pressure by secreting renin, which activates the renin-angiotensin system.

Which of the following is a function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?

Filtration of blood
Regulation of blood pressure
Secretion of insulin
Concentration of urine
2

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) helps regulate blood pressure by releasing renin, which activates the renin-angiotensin system.

Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is incorrect?

Filtration occurs at the glomerulus.
The filtrate contains proteins and blood cells.
Blood pressure drives the filtration process.
Filtrate passes into Bowman’s capsule.
2

Under normal conditions, proteins and blood cells are too large to pass through the filtration barrier.

Which of the following conditions is caused by the inflammation of the glomerulus?

Uremia
Diabetes insipidus
Glomerulonephritis
Renal calculi
3

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory condition of the glomerulus, affecting kidney function.

What is the approximate volume of urine excreted by a healthy adult per day?

100-500 mL
500-800 mL
1.0-1.5 liters
2.5-3.0 liters
3

A healthy adult excretes approximately 1.0-1.5 liters of urine per day.

Which part of the nephron is involved in the active reabsorption of sodium and water under the influence of aldosterone?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
3

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) reabsorbs sodium and water under the influence of aldosterone.

Which of the following statements regarding excretion in humans is incorrect?

The kidney excretes nitrogenous waste.
Lungs help in excreting carbon dioxide.
The liver excretes bilirubin.
Skin plays no role in excretion.
4

Skin plays a role in excretion by eliminating small amounts of urea and salts through sweat.

Which of the following statements about the renal corpuscle is incorrect?

The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
The renal corpuscle is the site of filtration.
The renal corpuscle actively secretes hydrogen ions into the filtrate.
The renal corpuscle allows small molecules to pass into the nephron.
3

The renal corpuscle does not actively secrete hydrogen ions; secretion occurs later in the nephron.

Which of the following statements about the role of ADH is correct?

ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
ADH promotes sodium excretion in urine.
ADH reduces the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
ADH is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
1

ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water reabsorption and reducing urine volume.

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