Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 17

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water but allows active transport of ions?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of Henle’s loop
Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
Collecting duct
3

The ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water but actively transports sodium and chloride ions.

Which part of the kidney contains the glomeruli?

Medulla
Cortex
Pelvis
Ureter
2

The cortex of the kidney contains the glomeruli and most parts of the nephron.

Which of the following statements regarding nephron function is correct?

Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the collecting duct.
The Loop of Henle is responsible for ultrafiltration.
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the essential nutrients.
The distal convoluted tubule plays no role in pH regulation.
3

The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing glucose, amino acids, and other essential nutrients.

Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the storage of urine before excretion?

Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
3

The urinary bladder stores urine before it is expelled from the body.

Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is correct?

Ammonia is excreted primarily by terrestrial mammals.
Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste.
Urea requires the most water for excretion.
Humans excrete ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste.
2

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted in a water-insoluble form.

Which structure in the nephron is responsible for counter-current multiplication?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
2

The Loop of Henle establishes an osmotic gradient that allows for water reabsorption and concentration of urine.

Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is correct?

JGA is involved in detecting changes in blood pressure.
JGA plays no role in kidney function.
JGA decreases renin secretion when blood pressure is low.
JGA is located in the collecting duct.
1

The juxtaglomerular apparatus detects changes in blood pressure and regulates renin secretion accordingly.

The process by which blood is artificially filtered in patients with kidney failure is called:

Dialysis
Osmoregulation
Secretion
Micturition
1

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to artificially filter blood in patients with kidney failure.

What is the function of the vasa recta in the nephron?

Secretion of ions
Filtration of blood
Maintaining the counter-current exchange
Production of renin
3

The vasa recta maintains the counter-current exchange system, helping in urine concentration.

Which of the following statements about the vasa recta is correct?

The vasa recta is part of the counter-current mechanism.
The vasa recta carries urine to the bladder.
The vasa recta is involved in protein digestion.
The vasa recta produces aldosterone.
1

The vasa recta maintains the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption and urine concentration.

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