Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 20

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following nitrogenous wastes requires the most water for its elimination?

Uric acid
Ammonia
Urea
Creatinine
2

Ammonia is highly toxic and requires a large amount of water for its elimination, which is why it is excreted by ammonotelic animals like bony fishes.

Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is correct?

Glomerular filtration occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
The filtrate contains proteins and blood cells.
Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure.
Urine formation begins in the collecting duct.
3

Glomerular filtration is a passive process driven by blood pressure in the glomerulus.

Which nitrogenous waste product is excreted primarily by reptiles and birds?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Reptiles and birds are uricotelic, meaning they excrete uric acid to conserve water.

Which organ other than the kidney plays a role in excretion by removing carbon dioxide from the body?

Liver
Lungs
Skin
Pancreas
2

The lungs excrete carbon dioxide, which is a byproduct of cellular respiration.

Which of the following ions is actively reabsorbed in the nephron to maintain osmotic balance?

Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sodium (Na+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
3

Sodium ions (Na+) are actively reabsorbed in the nephron to maintain osmotic balance and regulate blood pressure.

The primary function of the collecting duct in the nephron is:

Ultrafiltration
Reabsorption of nutrients
Concentration of urine
Production of renin
3

The collecting duct plays a crucial role in the final concentration of urine under the influence of ADH.

The hormone responsible for reducing urine output and increasing water retention is:

Aldosterone
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Glucagon
3

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidney, reducing urine output and preventing dehydration.

Which excretory product is least toxic and requires minimal water for elimination?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted with minimal water loss.

Which substance is normally reabsorbed completely in the nephron under normal conditions?

Glucose
Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
1

Glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule unless blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones?

Uremia
Diabetes insipidus
Renal calculi
Glomerulonephritis
3

Renal calculi (kidney stones) are formed due to the crystallization of salts such as calcium oxalate in the kidneys.

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