Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 21

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which excretory product is least toxic and requires minimal water for elimination?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted as a semi-solid paste with minimal water loss, mainly in birds and reptiles.

Which excretory disorder is treated using hemodialysis?

Kidney stones
Diabetes insipidus
Renal failure
Gout
3

Hemodialysis is used to remove waste and excess fluids from the blood in patients suffering from kidney failure.

Which of the following hormones inhibits the renin-angiotensin mechanism and lowers blood pressure?

Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
Cortisol
3

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits the renin-angiotensin system and lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion.

Which organ plays a significant role in the elimination of CO₂ from the body?

Kidney
Liver
Lungs
Skin
3

The lungs play a key role in excreting CO₂, a waste product of cellular respiration, through exhalation.

Which condition results from the crystallization of salts in the kidney?

Uremia
Diabetes insipidus
Renal calculi
Glomerulonephritis
3

Renal calculi (kidney stones) are formed due to the crystallization of salts like calcium oxalate in the kidney.

Which animals are primarily ammonotelic?

Reptiles and birds
Mammals
Bony fishes and amphibians
Insects
3

Bony fishes and amphibians excrete ammonia directly into water as they require large amounts of water for excretion.

Which organ is responsible for detoxification and excretion of bilirubin?

Kidney
Liver
Lungs
Skin
2

The liver detoxifies substances and excretes bilirubin as bile pigments.

Which structure in the nephron plays a major role in maintaining the pH balance of blood?

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
3

The distal convoluted tubule regulates pH balance by selectively secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.

Which of the following structures is the site of ultrafiltration in the kidney?

Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Distal convoluted tubule
2

The glomerulus performs ultrafiltration, removing waste and excess substances from the blood.

Which part of the nephron is responsible for establishing the osmotic gradient in the kidney?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Bowman’s capsule
Distal convoluted tubule
2

The Loop of Henle establishes an osmotic gradient, which helps in water reabsorption and urine concentration.

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