Excretory Products and Their Elimination Chapter-Wise Test 22

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following statements about excretion in humans is incorrect?

The kidney excretes nitrogenous waste.
The liver plays no role in excretion.
The lungs excrete carbon dioxide.
The skin eliminates small amounts of urea through sweat.
2

The liver plays a key role in excretion by removing toxins and excreting bile pigments.

Which of the following statements about the renal corpuscle is correct?

It consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
It is responsible for active reabsorption of glucose.
It produces concentrated urine directly.
It is part of the Loop of Henle.
1

The renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule and is responsible for ultrafiltration.

Which of the following statements about aldosterone is incorrect?

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the nephron.
Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.
Aldosterone is secreted by the pituitary gland.
Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure.
3

Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands, not the pituitary gland.

Which waste product is primarily eliminated by mammals?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Bilirubin
2

Mammals are ureotelic, excreting urea as their primary nitrogenous waste.

Which part of the nephron is responsible for establishing an osmotic gradient in the kidney?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
2

The Loop of Henle establishes an osmotic gradient that helps in the concentration of urine.

Which hormone increases water permeability in the collecting duct?

Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Renin
Cortisol
2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct by making it more permeable to water.

The process by which blood is artificially filtered in patients with kidney failure is called:

Dialysis
Osmoregulation
Secretion
Micturition
1

Dialysis is a medical procedure used to artificially filter blood in patients with kidney failure.

The afferent arteriole carries blood:

To the glomerulus
Away from the glomerulus
To the renal pelvis
To the urinary bladder
1

The afferent arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus for filtration.

Which of the following statements about counter-current mechanisms is correct?

Counter-current exchange occurs between the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
The counter-current mechanism helps concentrate urine.
The collecting duct is the primary site of counter-current exchange.
The counter-current system has no role in water reabsorption.
2

The counter-current mechanism in the Loop of Henle and vasa recta helps concentrate urine and conserve water.

Which of the following excretory products requires the maximum amount of water for its elimination?

Uric acid
Ammonia
Urea
Creatinine
2

Ammonia is highly toxic and requires a large amount of water for its elimination, which is why it is excreted by ammonotelic animals like bony fishes.

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