Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Test 4

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is an excretory product of protein metabolism?

Glucose
Bile salts
Urea
Fatty acids
3

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver.

The presence of glucose in urine indicates which medical condition?

Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Uremia
Renal calculi
2

Diabetes mellitus leads to the presence of glucose in urine, a condition called glycosuria.

Which of the following waste products is primarily eliminated through the skin?

Urea
Bile salts
Carbon dioxide
Steroids
1

Small amounts of urea are excreted through the skin via sweat.

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy human?

50 mL/min
100 mL/min
125 mL/min
200 mL/min
3

The normal GFR in a healthy individual is approximately 125 mL/min, which equals about 180 liters per day.

Which of the following parts of the nephron is responsible for fine-tuning salt and water balance under hormonal control?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
2

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) regulates salt and water balance under the influence of aldosterone and ADH.

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about kidney function?

The kidney helps maintain osmotic balance.
The kidney produces bile for digestion.
The kidney helps regulate blood pressure through renin secretion.
Nephrons filter waste from the blood.
2

The liver, not the kidney, produces bile for digestion.

Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is incorrect?

JGA is involved in blood pressure regulation.
JGA secretes renin in response to low blood pressure.
JGA increases renin secretion when blood pressure is high.
JGA helps regulate glomerular filtration rate.
3

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin when blood pressure is low, not when it is high.

Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is correct?

GFR is mainly controlled by blood pressure in the glomerulus.
GFR remains constant regardless of blood pressure fluctuations.
GFR is independent of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
GFR is highest when the afferent arteriole constricts.
1

GFR is primarily regulated by blood pressure in the glomerulus, which is influenced by the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Which statement about the function of the kidney is incorrect?

The kidney helps regulate blood pressure through renin secretion.
The kidney plays a role in erythropoiesis by releasing erythropoietin.
The kidney synthesizes bile for digestion.
The kidney maintains acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions.
3

The liver, not the kidney, synthesizes bile for digestion.

Which waste product is primarily excreted by mammals?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Bilirubin
2

Mammals are ureotelic, excreting urea as their primary nitrogenous waste.

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