Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Test 5

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which process in urine formation involves the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron tubule?

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
3

Secretion involves the active transport of substances like H+, K+, and ammonia from the blood into the nephron tubule.

Which part of the nephron plays a major role in regulating pH by selective secretion of hydrogen ions?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
3

The distal convoluted tubule regulates pH balance by selectively secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.

What is the primary function of the renal pelvis in the kidney?

Filtration of blood
Urine collection
Secretion of renin
Reabsorption of glucose
2

The renal pelvis collects urine from the collecting ducts before passing it to the ureter.

Which excretory product is primarily eliminated by the liver?

Ammonia
Bile pigments
Urea
Uric acid
2

The liver excretes bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, which are byproducts of hemoglobin breakdown.

Which of the following substances is normally absent in urine under normal conditions?

Urea
Glucose
Creatinine
Uric acid
2

Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule and is absent in the urine under normal conditions.

Which type of nephron has a longer loop of Henle and helps in urine concentration?

Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
Glomerular nephron
Bowman’s nephron
2

Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla, aiding in urine concentration.

Which of the following statements about ADH is correct?

ADH decreases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
ADH increases urine production.
ADH helps in water retention by increasing permeability of collecting ducts.
ADH is secreted by the adrenal gland.
3

ADH increases water retention by making the collecting ducts more permeable to water.

Which statement about the role of aldosterone is incorrect?

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption.
Aldosterone decreases potassium excretion.
Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands.
Aldosterone plays a role in blood pressure regulation.
2

Aldosterone increases potassium excretion, not decreases it.

Which statement about aldosterone is incorrect?

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption.
Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.
Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone is secreted in response to high sodium levels.
4

Aldosterone is secreted in response to low sodium levels or low blood pressure, not high sodium levels.

Which of the following is the least toxic nitrogenous waste?

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
3

Uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste and is excreted with minimal water loss.

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