Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 13

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which enzyme prevents the shortening of chromosomes during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase
Ligase
Topoisomerase
Telomerase
4

Telomerase adds repetitive sequences to the ends of chromosomes to prevent their shortening during DNA replication.

Which of the following statements about transcription is correct?

Both DNA strands act as templates simultaneously.
Transcription produces mRNA from DNA.
RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate transcription.
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes.
2

Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, which is later translated into protein.

Which molecule binds to the ribosome during translation initiation?

DNA
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
3

mRNA binds to the ribosome during translation initiation, providing the template for protein synthesis.

Which of the following is NOT involved in prokaryotic transcription?

Sigma factor
RNA polymerase
Introns
Promoter
3

Prokaryotic genes lack introns, as prokaryotic mRNA does not undergo splicing.

Which of the following enzymes seals nicks between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Topoisomerase
Helicase
2

DNA ligase seals the nicks between Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Which of the following is incorrect about prokaryotic transcription?

Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm.
RNA polymerase in prokaryotes requires a sigma factor for initiation.
Prokaryotic mRNA undergoes extensive post-transcriptional modifications.
Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in prokaryotes.
3

Prokaryotic mRNA does not undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications like splicing, unlike eukaryotic mRNA.

Which of the following correctly describes an inducible operon?

It is always active regardless of environmental conditions.
It is normally turned off but can be activated by an inducer.
It does not contain structural genes.
It is permanently inactive.
2

An inducible operon (such as the lac operon) is normally off but can be activated by an inducer like lactose.

Which process in molecular biology is described by the Central Dogma?

Replication → Transcription → Translation
Transcription → Replication → Translation
Translation → Transcription → Replication
Replication → Translation → Transcription
1

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA (Replication) to RNA (Transcription) to Protein (Translation).

Which of the following is the template strand of DNA in transcription?

The coding strand
The non-coding strand
Both strands
None of the above
2

The non-coding strand (also called the template strand) serves as the template for RNA synthesis in transcription.

Which enzyme is responsible for charging tRNA with its corresponding amino acid?

RNA polymerase
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Peptidyl transferase
DNA ligase
2

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

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