Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 14

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which part of tRNA interacts with mRNA during translation?

5' cap
Anticodon loop
Amino acid attachment site
Poly-A tail
2

The anticodon loop of tRNA pairs with the codon of mRNA during translation.

Which of the following correctly describes a silent mutation?

It introduces a premature stop codon.
It does not change the amino acid sequence.
It results in a frameshift mutation.
It always affects protein function.
2

A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic DNA is incorrect?

Prokaryotic DNA is circular.
Prokaryotic DNA is associated with histone proteins.
Prokaryotes usually have a single chromosome.
Prokaryotic DNA is found in the nucleoid region.
2

Unlike eukaryotic DNA, prokaryotic DNA is not associated with histone proteins for packaging.

Which of the following components is required for the elongation phase of translation?

Release factors
Aminoacyl-tRNA
DNA polymerase
Promoter sequences
2

Aminoacyl-tRNA is required for elongation, delivering amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Which of the following is an example of a housekeeping gene?

LacZ
HBB (Hemoglobin Beta)
GAPDH
MYOD1
3

GAPDH is a housekeeping gene that is constantly expressed for basic cellular functions.

Which region of a gene acts as the termination site for transcription?

Promoter
Operator
Enhancer
Terminator
4

The terminator sequence signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription and release the RNA transcript.

Which of the following statements about translation is incorrect?

Translation occurs at the ribosome.
Translation converts DNA into protein.
Translation requires mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
Translation involves codon-anticodon pairing.
2

Translation does not convert DNA into protein; it converts mRNA into protein.

Which of the following is a correct statement about post-translational modifications?

Post-translational modifications occur in the nucleus.
Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation and glycosylation.
Post-translational modifications do not affect protein function.
Post-translational modifications involve the removal of introns.
2

Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation modify proteins after translation to regulate their function.

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Replication occurs in the 3' to 5' direction.
Both strands of DNA are synthesized continuously.
Okazaki fragments are synthesized on the leading strand.
Replication is semi-conservative.
4

DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one parental and one newly synthesized strand.

Which of the following features is NOT associated with prokaryotic transcription?

Coupling of transcription and translation
Presence of multiple RNA polymerases
Use of sigma factor for initiation
Polycistronic mRNA
2

Prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase, unlike eukaryotes which have multiple types of RNA polymerases.

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