Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 17

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following molecules is required for the termination of translation?

tRNA
Release factor
RNA polymerase
Ligase
2

A release factor binds to the stop codon, leading to the termination of translation and the release of the newly synthesized protein.

Which of the following statements about enhancers is correct?

Enhancers decrease transcription efficiency.
Enhancers function only in prokaryotes.
Enhancers increase transcription by binding activator proteins.
Enhancers are part of the ribosome.
3

Enhancers are DNA sequences that increase transcription efficiency by binding activator proteins.

Which sequence marks the end of transcription in prokaryotes?

Start codon
TATA box
Terminator sequence
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
3

The terminator sequence signals the end of transcription in prokaryotes.

Which process allows the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

Replication
Transcription
Crossing over
Translation
3

Crossing over occurs during meiosis and allows genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes.

Which scientist proposed the RNA World Hypothesis?

James Watson
Francis Crick
Carl Woese
Maurice Wilkins
3

Carl Woese proposed the RNA World Hypothesis, which suggests that RNA was the first genetic material.

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is incorrect?

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction.
DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.
DNA polymerase can unwind the DNA helix.
Different types of DNA polymerases exist with specialized functions.
3

DNA polymerase does not unwind the DNA helix; helicase is responsible for this function.

What is the main function of a ribozyme?

To act as a protein enzyme
To catalyze RNA splicing reactions
To transcribe RNA from DNA
To transport amino acids
2

Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity, such as those involved in RNA splicing.

Which of the following is incorrect about tRNA?

tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with mRNA codons.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNA is directly involved in DNA replication.
tRNA has a cloverleaf structure.
3

tRNA is not involved in DNA replication; it functions in translation by delivering amino acids to ribosomes.

Which of the following is a function of DNA ligase?

It unwinds the DNA helix.
It synthesizes new DNA strands.
It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
It removes RNA primers.
3

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds between them.

Which of the following describes the wobble hypothesis?

One tRNA can recognize multiple codons
One codon codes for multiple amino acids
The genetic code is overlapping
The start codon varies in different organisms
1

The wobble hypothesis states that the third base of a codon can form non-standard base pairing, allowing one tRNA to recognize multiple codons.

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