Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-Wise Test 19

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following correctly describes the role of snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)?

They help in DNA replication
They participate in RNA splicing
They regulate DNA supercoiling
They assist in ribosome assembly
2

snRNPs are components of the spliceosome that participate in removing introns during RNA splicing.

Which of the following is incorrect about regulatory sequences in gene expression?

Promoters help RNA polymerase bind to DNA.
Operators regulate transcription in operons.
Enhancers decrease gene transcription.
Silencers can suppress transcription.
3

Enhancers do not decrease gene transcription; they enhance it by increasing the efficiency of RNA polymerase binding.

Which of the following best describes the function of a promoter?

It binds the ribosome to initiate translation
It regulates DNA replication
It acts as the binding site for RNA polymerase
It terminates transcription
3

The promoter is a DNA sequence that binds RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

Which of the following is incorrect about translation?

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Ribosomes read mRNA codons to synthesize proteins.
Translation produces DNA from RNA.
4

Translation does not produce DNA from RNA; it converts mRNA into protein.

Which of the following is incorrect about mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

A 5' cap is added to mRNA.
A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end.
Introns are removed by splicing.
mRNA is translated before leaving the nucleus.
4

mRNA is not translated in the nucleus; it must first be processed and transported to the cytoplasm.

Which component of the DNA structure is responsible for storing genetic information?

Sugar-phosphate backbone
Nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds
2

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA encodes genetic information, directing the synthesis of proteins.

Which of the following correctly describes an inducible operon?

It is always active, regardless of environmental conditions.
It is normally turned off but can be activated by an inducer.
It is controlled only by repressors.
It does not require a promoter.
2

An inducible operon, like the lac operon, is normally off but can be activated by an inducer (e.g., lactose).

Which of the following best describes the function of enhancers?

They initiate translation
They prevent transcription
They increase the rate of transcription
They act as stop codons
3

Enhancers are DNA sequences that increase the rate of transcription by interacting with transcription factors.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding a methylated cap to eukaryotic mRNA?

Poly-A polymerase
RNA polymerase
Guanosyl transferase
DNA ligase
3

Guanosyl transferase adds a methylated cap to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA to enhance stability and translation.

Which of the following statements about rRNA is incorrect?

rRNA forms the structural component of ribosomes.
rRNA has catalytic activity in protein synthesis.
rRNA carries genetic information to the ribosome.
rRNA is synthesized in the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
3

rRNA does not carry genetic information; that function is performed by mRNA.

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