Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Test 3

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but absent in RNA?

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Uracil
2

Thymine is present in DNA, whereas uracil replaces it in RNA.

Which scientist(s) proposed the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

James Watson
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Erwin Chargaff
2

Francis Crick proposed the Central Dogma, which states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

What is the role of a promoter in transcription?

Termination of transcription
Binding site for RNA polymerase
Site of translation initiation
Splicing of introns
2

The promoter is a specific DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
snRNA
2

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is correct?

DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
DNA polymerase requires an RNA primer to initiate replication.
DNA polymerase removes introns during splicing.
DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA helix.
2

DNA polymerase requires an RNA primer to initiate replication because it cannot start synthesis de novo.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA → RNA → Protein
Replication is part of the central dogma.
Reverse transcription is an exception to the central dogma.
Proteins can directly encode genetic information.
4

Proteins do not encode genetic information; only DNA and RNA carry genetic instructions.

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is incorrect?

DNA has a double-helix structure.
The two strands of DNA run parallel to each other.
The nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
2

The two strands of DNA run antiparallel (one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'), not parallel.

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

RNA is always double-stranded.
RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
RNA is more stable than DNA.
RNA does not participate in protein synthesis.
2

RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), making it different from DNA.

Which scientist discovered the transforming principle in bacteria?

Oswald Avery
Frederick Griffith
Hershey and Chase
Maurice Wilkins
2

Frederick Griffith discovered the transforming principle in 1928 through his experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Which process converts DNA information into mRNA?

Translation
Replication
Transcription
Splicing
3

Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template.

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