Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Test 4

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

What is the function of RNA splicing in eukaryotes?

Removing exons
Removing introns
Adding poly-A tail
Initiating DNA replication
2

RNA splicing removes non-coding introns from pre-mRNA and joins the exons to form mature mRNA.

Which scientist(s) confirmed that DNA is the genetic material through experiments with bacteriophages?

Hershey and Chase
Watson and Crick
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
Rosalind Franklin
1

Hershey and Chase used bacteriophage experiments to confirm that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material.

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

The two strands are parallel
The bases pair through covalent bonds
The two strands have antiparallel polarity
The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the inside
3

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (antiparallel) with one strand in the 5' to 3' direction and the other in the 3' to 5' direction.

What is the primary function of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?

Synthesizing the RNA primer
Unwinding the DNA double helix
Joining Okazaki fragments
Preventing supercoiling of DNA
2

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork, allowing replication to proceed.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Genetic information flows from RNA to DNA to protein.
Proteins store genetic information and pass it to the next generation.
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.
All organisms follow the Central Dogma without exceptions.
3

The Central Dogma states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. Some exceptions, such as reverse transcription, exist.

Which of the following statements about transcription is incorrect?

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
Promoters help in the initiation of transcription.
mRNA carries genetic information to the ribosome.
2

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, not in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following statements about translation is correct?

Translation converts RNA into DNA.
Translation occurs in the ribosome.
Translation produces mRNA from DNA.
Translation involves DNA polymerase.
2

Translation occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is used to synthesize proteins.

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is incorrect?

The lac operon is regulated by a repressor protein.
The lac operon is always active, even in the absence of lactose.
Lactose acts as an inducer in the lac operon.
The lac operon is found in prokaryotic cells.
2

The lac operon is not always active; it is only activated in the presence of lactose.

Which scientist(s) discovered that the ratio of adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine is constant in DNA?

Rosalind Franklin
Erwin Chargaff
Hershey and Chase
Watson and Crick
2

Erwin Chargaff discovered that in a DNA molecule, the amount of adenine is equal to thymine, and guanine is equal to cytosine.

Which type of RNA polymerase transcribes messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

RNA polymerase I
RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase III
Reverse transcriptase
2

RNA polymerase II transcribes precursor mRNA (hnRNA) in eukaryotic cells.

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