Correct answer Carries: 4.
Wrong Answer Carries: -1.
A zero-order reaction has an initial concentration of \( 0.12 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \) and a rate constant of \( 2.0 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1} \). What is the half-life?
For zero-order, \( t_{1/2} = \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{2k} \).
Given: \( [\text{R}]_0 = 0.12 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \), \( k = 2.0 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1} \).
\( t_{1/2} = \frac{0.12}{2 \times 2.0 \times 10^{-3}} = \frac{0.12}{4.0 \times 10^{-3}} = 30 \, \text{s} \).
A second-order reaction has a rate constant of \( 0.08 \, \text{L mol}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1} \) and an initial concentration of \( 0.5 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \). What is the time for 75% completion?
For second-order, \( \frac{1}{[\text{A}]} - \frac{1}{[\text{A}]_0} = kt \).
75% completion means \( [\text{A}] = 0.25 \times 0.5 = 0.125 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \).
\( \frac{1}{0.125} - \frac{1}{0.5} = 0.08 \times t \), \( 8 - 2 = 0.08 t \), \( t = \frac{6}{0.08} = 75 \, \text{s} \).
A first-order gaseous reaction has an initial pressure of 1.5 atm. After 25 s, the total pressure is 2.0 atm. What is the rate constant?
For \( \text{A} \to \text{B} + \text{C} \), \( p_t = p_i + x \), \( x = 2.0 - 1.5 = 0.5 \, \text{atm} \).
\( p_A = p_i - x = 1.5 - 0.5 = 1.0 \, \text{atm} \).
\( k = \frac{2.303}{25} \log \frac{1.5}{1.0} = \frac{2.303 \times 0.176}{25} \approx 0.0162 \, \text{s}^{-1} \).
A first-order reaction has a rate constant of \( 0.0173 \, \text{min}^{-1} \). What percentage of the reactant decomposes in 80 minutes?
\( \log \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{[\text{R}]} = \frac{k t}{2.303} \).
\( \log \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{[\text{R}]} = \frac{0.0173 \times 80}{2.303} \approx 0.602 \), \( \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{[\text{R}]} = 10^{0.602} \approx 4 \).
Fraction remaining = \( \frac{1}{4} = 0.25 \), percentage decomposed = \( (1 - 0.25) \times 100 = 75\% \).
A first-order reaction is 10% complete in 5 minutes. What is the rate constant?
For first-order, \( k = \frac{2.303}{t} \log \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{[\text{R}]} \).
10% complete means 90% remains, \( \frac{[\text{R}]}{[\text{R}]_0} = 0.9 \), \( \frac{[\text{R}]_0}{[\text{R}]} = \frac{1}{0.9} \approx 1.111 \).
\( k = \frac{2.303}{5} \log 1.111 = \frac{2.303 \times 0.0458}{5} \approx 0.0211 \, \text{min}^{-1} \).
A first-order reaction has a half-life of 16 minutes. What percentage of the reactant decomposes in 48 minutes?
Number of half-lives = \( \frac{48}{16} = 3 \).
Fraction remaining = \( \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^3 = \frac{1}{8} = 0.125 \).
Percentage decomposed = \( (1 - 0.125) \times 100 = 87.5\% \).
A reaction’s rate constant increases from \( 4.0 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{s}^{-1} \) at 280 K to \( 1.2 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1} \) at 290 K. What is the activation energy (\( R = 8.314 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1} \))?
\( \log \frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{E_a}{2.303 R} \left( \frac{T_2 - T_1}{T_1 T_2} \right) \).
\( \log \frac{1.2 \times 10^{-3}}{4.0 \times 10^{-4}} = \frac{E_a}{2.303 \times 8.314} \left( \frac{10}{280 \times 290} \right) \).
\( \log 3 = 0.477 \), \( E_a = \frac{0.477 \times 19.147 \times 81200}{10} \approx 74,200 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \approx 74.2 \, \text{kJ mol}^{-1} \).
The molecularity of the elementary step \( \text{NO} + \text{O}_3 \to \text{NO}_2 + \text{O}_2 \) is:
Molecularity is the number of molecules in an elementary step.
For \( \text{NO} + \text{O}_3 \), two molecules collide, so molecularity = 2.
A first-order reaction has a rate constant of \( 0.0289 \, \text{min}^{-1} \). What is the time for 50% completion?
For first-order, \( t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k} \).
Given: \( k = 0.0289 \, \text{min}^{-1} \).
\( t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{0.0289} \approx 24 \, \text{min} \).
A zero-order reaction has a rate constant of \( 5.0 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \text{s}^{-1} \). If the initial concentration is \( 0.2 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \), how long will it take for 20% decomposition?
For zero-order, \( t = \frac{[\text{R}]_0 - [\text{R}]}{k} \).
20% decomposition means \( [\text{R}] = 0.8 \times 0.2 = 0.16 \, \text{mol L}^{-1} \).
\( t = \frac{0.2 - 0.16}{5.0 \times 10^{-4}} = \frac{0.04}{5.0 \times 10^{-4}} = 80 \, \text{s} \).
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