Correct answer Carries: 4.
Wrong Answer Carries: -1.
A series LCR circuit has \( L = 3 \, \text{H} \), \( C = 12 \, \mu\text{F} \). What is the resonant angular frequency?
\( \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{L C}} \).
\( L = 3 \, \text{H} \), \( C = 12 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{F} \).
\( \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3 \times 12 \times 10^{-6}}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{36 \times 10^{-6}}} = \frac{10^3}{6} \approx 166.67 \, \text{rad/s} \).
A series LCR circuit has \( R = 20 \, \Omega \), \( X_L = 30 \, \Omega \), \( X_C = 50 \, \Omega \). What is the power factor?
\( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} = \sqrt{20^2 + (30 - 50)^2} = \sqrt{400 + 400} = \sqrt{800} \approx 28.28 \, \Omega \).
Power factor: \( \cos \phi = \frac{R}{Z} = \frac{20}{28.28} \approx 0.707 \).
In an AC circuit with a series combination of resistor and inductor, what happens to the impedance if the frequency decreases?
In an RL series circuit, impedance \( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2} \), where \( X_L = \omega L \). Decreasing frequency reduces \( \omega \), lowering \( X_L \), which decreases the impedance since \( R \) remains constant.
A \( 60 \, \Omega \) resistor is connected to a \( 180 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source. What is the rms current?
RMS current: \( I = \frac{V}{R} \).
Given: \( V = 180 \, \text{V} \), \( R = 60 \, \Omega \).
\( I = \frac{180}{60} = 3 \, \text{A} \).
In an AC circuit with a series combination of resistor and capacitor, what determines whether the circuit is predominantly capacitive?
In an RC series circuit, the circuit is predominantly capacitive if the capacitive reactance (\( X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} \)) is greater than the resistance (\( R \)). This makes the impedance \( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X_C^2} \) dominated by \( X_C \), and the current leads the voltage significantly.
A \( 200 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source supplies a \( 100 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the peak voltage?
Peak voltage: \( v_m = \sqrt{2} V \).
\( V = 200 \, \text{V} \).
\( v_m = 1.414 \times 200 = 282.8 \, \text{V} \approx 283 \, \text{V} \).
A series LCR circuit with \( R = 60 \, \Omega \), \( X_L = 80 \, \Omega \), \( X_C = 20 \, \Omega \) has a \( 180 \, \text{V} \) (rms) source. What is the power dissipated?
\( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2} = \sqrt{60^2 + (80 - 20)^2} = \sqrt{3600 + 3600} = \sqrt{7200} \approx 84.85 \, \Omega \).
RMS current: \( I = \frac{V}{Z} = \frac{180}{84.85} \approx 2.12 \, \text{A} \).
Power: \( P = I^2 R = (2.12)^2 \times 60 \approx 269.66 \, \text{W} \).
A \( 130 \, \text{V} \) (rms) AC source supplies a \( 65 \, \Omega \) resistor. What is the average power consumed?
RMS current: \( I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{130}{65} = 2 \, \text{A} \).
Average power: \( P = I^2 R = 2^2 \times 65 = 260 \, \text{W} \).
What is the primary energy loss mechanism in a real transformer that reduces its efficiency?
In a real transformer, energy losses occur due to resistance in the windings (\( I^2 R \) losses), flux leakage, eddy currents, and hysteresis. Among these, resistance in the windings (copper loss) is a primary mechanism, converting electrical energy into heat.
A transformer has \( N_p = 700 \), \( N_s = 350 \). If \( V_p = 280 \, \text{V} \) (rms), what is the secondary voltage?
\( \frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p} \).
\( V_s = V_p \times \frac{N_s}{N_p} = 280 \times \frac{350}{700} = 140 \, \text{V} \).
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